Singular Nouns:
Definition: Singular nouns refer to one person, one place, one object or one idea. For examples:
- girl
- doll
- park
- thought
- tower
- town
Plural Nouns:
Definition: Plural nouns refer to more than one person, place, object or idea. For examples:
- girls
- dolls
- parks
- thoughts
- towers
- towns
Regular Nouns:
Rule 1: Most singular nouns make the plural by adding 's'. For examples:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| mat | mats |
| rat | rats |
| river | rivers |
| house | houses |
Rule 2: When a singular noun ends in s, x, z, ch, sh, its plural form is made by adding es. For examples:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| bus | buses |
| wish | wishes |
| box | boxes |
| pitch | pitches |
Rule 3: When a singular noun ends in y then y changes in to ies. For examples:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| city | cities |
| spy | spies |
| baby | babies |
| penny | pennies |
Rule 4: When a singular noun ends in vowel+y then its plural form is made by adding s. For examples:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| key | keys |
| donkey | donkeys |
| boy | boys |
| day | days |
Irregular Plural Nouns:
There are some nouns which do not follow the rules described above. They are called irregular plural nouns. For examples:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| foot | feet |
| tooth | teeth |
| woman | women |
| man | men |
| mouse | mice |
| goose | geese |
Rule 5: For singular nouns ending in f or fe the plural form is made by replacing the f or fe with a v and adding es. For example:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| elf | elves |
| wife | wives |
| leaf | leaves |
| life | lives |
Rule 6: Some nouns remain the same in singular and plural forms. For example:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| sheep | sheep |
| fish | fish |
| deer | deer |
| species | species |
Rule 7: Some singular nouns ending in is make plural form by replacing is with es. For examples:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| analysis | analyses |
| thesis | theses |
| basis | bases |
| crisis | crises |
| diagnosis | diagnoses |
Rule 8: Some singular nouns ending in ix, make plural form by replacing ix with ices. For example:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| matrix | matrices |
| helix | helices |
| appendix | appendices |
Rule 9: Some singular noun ending in o make plural form by adding es. For example:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| hero | heroes |
| potato | potatoes |
| tomato | tomatoes |
| echo | echoes |
| buffalo | buffaloes |
Exceptions:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| memo | memos |
| piano | pianos |
| photo | photos |
Rule 10: When a singular noun ends in vowel+o then its plural form is made by adding s. For example:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| video | videos |
| radio | radios |
| zoo | zoos |
| kangaroo | kangaroos |
Some nouns are used only in plural form. For example:
- glasses
- scissors
- headphones
- tweezers
- jeans
- pants