Study Notes by NotesFlux

Gerunds, Participles and Infinitives In this chapter we will learn about: What are gerunds? What are Participles? Difference between gerunds and participles What are infinitives? In English grammar, there are words that are derived from verbs; however, they do not function as verbs. They function as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns instead. Such words are called verbals . There are three types of verbals: gerunds, participles (when used as adjectives) and infinitives. Most non-finite verbs in English are verbals. What are gerunds? Definition: A gerund is a verb form that ends in "-ing" , and functions as a noun . Therefore, gerunds are words that are formed with verbs; however, they act as nouns. For example, the gerund form of the verb "read" is "reading". A gerund can be used as a subject , a direct object , a complement , or an object of a p

Metals and Non-Metals: In this chapter we will learn about: Properties of Metals and Non metals Group 0 – Noble Gases Group 1 – Alkali Metals Group 7 – Halogens Transition metals Properties of Metals and Non metals Broadly speaking, all elements in the periodic table can be classified as Metal s or Non-Metal s. Majority of elements in the periodic table are metals . Elements that react to form positive ions in their chemical reaction are called metals . Elements that do not form positive ions in their chemical reaction are non-metals . Properties of Non metals Metals conduct energy in the form of heat. Metals are good conductors of heat . Metals conduct electricity . Metals are also malleable (they can be pressed in to thin sheets and bent in to different shapes). Metals have high den

Similes and Metaphors Grammar / Simile and Metaphor Level: Beginner (10 minute read) In English language, both similes and metaphors are used for making comparison between two things. This makes sentences interesting, while also stating or describing an important idea or fact. Let's look at what they are and how to use them. What is a Simile? A simile is a figure of speech where two unlike things are compared. It is a form of figurative language that uses the words "as" and "like". We use the words "as" or "like" in a simile. As another way to put it, Similes are figurative expressions that use "as" and "like". Similes make comparisons more interesting and vivid for the reader. In a simile, both “as” and “like” support the comparison in their own way. When the word “as” is used, usually, an adjective is also incl

6 useful online resources for IELTS preparation For anyone preparing for IELTS, there are a lot of websites and apps available to not only help with your preparation but also build your confidence in using the English language in general. On some websites, you can take practice tests and mock exams to identify the areas where you need to focus during the preparation process. Depending on whether you are aiming for "IELTS Academic" or "IELTS General", you will need to select the type of study material you use for your preparation. In this article, we will try to provide a list of some useful websites and apps you can use when preparing for IELTS. It is important to note that some websites are free, and do not require you to purchase a subscription, others are paid. Important Disclaimer: While the websites and apps provided in the article can be useful, we DO NOT

Rates of Reaction: The term "rate of reaction" means how quickly (or slowly ) a reaction happens. It also tells you at what rate the reactants are used up, or the products are formed in a chemical reaction. For calculating the rate of a chemical reaction, you will need the following: The mass (or the volume) of the reactants (or the products) at the beginning and the end of the reaction. The total amount of time for the reaction. Once you have both the values, just divide the change in the mass (or the volume) by the total time taken for the reaction. This will be the rate of the reaction. The rate of reactions is usually measured in: For change in mass : Grams per second (g s -1 ), or For change in volume : Cubic decimetre per second (dm 3 s -1 ) Important: Rate of reaction c

What are Clipped Words? In English language, clipping is the process of forming new words by dropping one or more syllables from a larger word, thereby resulting in a shorter word. Clipped Words are the words that are formed by clipping one or more syllables from a larger word or phrase, while retaining the meaning of the original word or phrase. Being shorter, clipped words are easy to spell and pronounce. Clipped words are more commonly used in everyday language. It is interesting to note, in some cases, the clipped form of a word is more popular (and more frequently used) than the original word itself. Clipping is also known as shortening or truncation . Clipping refers to part of a word that provides for the whole, such as the word "bike" from "motorbike", and "cooker" from "pressure cooker". There are three types of clipped words: Front clippe