In this chapter you will learn: Magnetism Types of magnet Electromagnetism and Solenoid The motor effect Fleming’s left hand rule Electric motors and Loud speakers The generator effect Transformers Magnetism All magnets create a magnetic field. All magnets have two poles - north pole and a south pole . Magnetic materials are iron, steel, nickel and cobalt. There are two types of magnet- permanent and induced magnets . Permanent magnet Permanent magnet produces its own magnetic field. Permanent magnet produce their magnetic fields all the time. It cannot be turned on and off. Bar magnets and horseshoe magnets are examples of permanent magnets. Permanent magnet is used in loudspeakers. Induced magnet An induced magnet is a material that turns in to a magnet when it is placed in a magnetic field.

Apparatus and techniques Beaker is used to hold, mix or heat substances. Test tube, generally made of glass. Used to hold chemical substances. Thermometer measures temperature. Measuring cylinder is used to measure the volume of liquid. Syringe is used to eject. Protractor is used to find angles. Eureka cans are used to measure the volume of solids. Voltmeters are used to measure potential difference. Ammeters are used to measure current. Multimeters measure both potential difference and current. Light gate is used to measure speed and acceleration.